Front Vowels: produced closer to your teeth, in the “front” of your mouth
E, e - a short sound, as in Ben
İ, i – a short sound as in kit
Ö, ö – same as the letter and sound Ö in German, See the Listening mini lesson for Turkish Vowels, or try this: first say “e” as in Ben, then without changing the position of your tongue, round your lips and try saying “e” again
Ü, ü - same as the sound Ü in German, See the Listening mini lesson for Turkish Vowels, or try this: first say “i” as in kit, then without changing the position of your tongue, round your lips and try saying “i” again
Back Vowels: produced closer to your throat, in the “back” of your mouth
A, a - a short sound, as in father
I, ı – it doesn’t have a direct English equivalent. A short sound like a short “uh” in duh, or “u” in Putnam
O, o - as in the English order
U, u – a short sound as in put